\nSon bruit impressionnant :<\/b> pour communiquer ou saluer, il pratique le claquement de bec (bill-clattering<\/i>). Ce son ressemble \u00e0 un tir de mitrailleuse<\/b> ou \u00e0 des d\u00e9tonations d’arme \u00e0 feu.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n\nSa capacit\u00e9 de d\u00e9capitation :<\/b> son bec massif de plus de 20 cm se termine par un crochet tr\u00e8s tranchant. Il s’en sert pour saisir des proies imposantes comme des poissons-chats, des serpents, et m\u00eame de jeunes crocodiles ou b\u00e9b\u00e9s alligators\/ca\u00efmans<\/b>, qu’il peut d\u00e9capiter d’un coup net avant de les avaler.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n\nSon apparence :<\/b> avec sa posture immobile, son plumage gris et ses yeux dor\u00e9s fixes, il ressemble presque \u00e0 une statue ou \u00e0 un dinosaure pr\u00e9historique.<\/p>\n
Le Bec-en-sabot du Nil (Balaeniceps rex<\/i>) est un pr\u00e9dateur redoutable des marais et mar\u00e9cages d’Afrique centrale et orientale (comme au Soudan du Sud, en Ouganda ou en Zambie). Sa technique de chasse repose sur une patience extr\u00eame et une attaque fulgurante.<\/p>\n1. La traque : l’immobilit\u00e9 totale<\/h3>\n
L’oiseau chasse principalement en solitaire dans des zones d’eaux douces peu profondes, souvent encombr\u00e9es de v\u00e9g\u00e9tation (papyrus, hautes herbes).<\/p>\n
\n- \n
La statue vivante :<\/b> il peut rester parfaitement immobile pendant des heures, les yeux fix\u00e9s sur l’eau, attendant qu’une proie remonte \u00e0 la surface pour respirer.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n- \n
La marche lente :<\/b> lorsqu’il se d\u00e9place, il le fait \u00e0 pas tr\u00e8s lents et calcul\u00e9s pour ne cr\u00e9er aucune onde \u00e0 la surface de l’eau.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n2. L’attaque : la technique de la \u00ab chute \u00bb (collapsing<\/i>)<\/h3>\n
D\u00e8s qu’une proie est rep\u00e9r\u00e9e, l’oiseau n’utilise pas simplement son bec : il lance l’int\u00e9gralit\u00e9 de son corps<\/b> vers l’avant.<\/p>\n\n- \n
Le plongeon aveugle :<\/b> il se laisse tomber la t\u00eate la premi\u00e8re sur sa cible, d\u00e9ployant ses ailes pour maintenir son \u00e9quilibre dans la vase. Pendant cette fraction de seconde, ses yeux se ferment pour \u00eatre prot\u00e9g\u00e9s des projections de boue.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n- \n
L’effet de surprise :<\/b> le poids de son corps (entre 4 et 7 kg) et la vitesse de la chute assomment ou coincent la proie sous lui.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n3. La capture et la pr\u00e9paration<\/h3>\n
Une fois la proie coinc\u00e9e dans son \u00e9norme bec crochu :<\/p>\n
\n- \n
Le tri :<\/b> il secoue la t\u00eate pour \u00e9liminer la boue et la v\u00e9g\u00e9tation aquatique coinc\u00e9es avec sa prise.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n- \n
La d\u00e9capitation :<\/b> si la proie est grande ou dangereuse (comme un b\u00e9b\u00e9 crocodile, un serpent d’eau ou un grand poisson-chat), il utilise le crochet aiguis\u00e9 au bout de son bec sup\u00e9rieur pour trancher net la t\u00eate de l’animal.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n- \n
La d\u00e9glutition :<\/b> une fois la proie immobilis\u00e9e ou d\u00e9capit\u00e9e, il l’avale tout enti\u00e8re, la t\u00eate la premi\u00e8re.<\/p>\n
Le Bec-en-sabot du Nil (Balaeniceps rex<\/i>) est class\u00e9 comme \u00ab Vuln\u00e9rable \u00bb<\/b> sur la Liste rouge de l’UICN (Union internationale pour la conservation de la nature). Sa population globale, en d\u00e9clin constant, est estim\u00e9e entre 3 300 et 5 300 individus adultes<\/b> \u00e0 l’\u00e9tat sauvage.<\/p>\nLes causes principales de sa fragilit\u00e9<\/h2>\n\n- \n
Destruction et d\u00e9gradation de l’habitat :<\/b> la conversion des zones humides en terres agricoles (riziculture, p\u00e2turages) et l’ass\u00e8chement des marais r\u00e9duisent consid\u00e9rablement son territoire.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n- \n
Perturbations humaines et feux de brousse :<\/b> tr\u00e8s sensible \u00e0 la pr\u00e9sence humaine, l’oiseau peut abandonner son nid s’il est d\u00e9rang\u00e9. De plus, les feux pratiqu\u00e9s pour le pastoralisme d\u00e9truisent souvent les nids situ\u00e9s \u00e0 m\u00eame le sol.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n- \n
Braconnage et trafic d’esp\u00e8ces sauvages :<\/b> les \u0153ufs et les poussins sont captur\u00e9s pour ravitailler des collections priv\u00e9es ou certains zoos peu scrupuleux, o\u00f9 ces oiseaux se vendent \u00e0 des prix tr\u00e8s \u00e9lev\u00e9s.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n- \n
Taux de reproduction extr\u00eamement bas :<\/b> un couple ne produit g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement qu’un seul poussin viable tous les deux ans. L’esp\u00e8ce est donc incapable de reconstituer rapidement sa population.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\nLes mesures de protection mises en place<\/h2>\n
\n\n\nAxe d’action<\/strong><\/td>\nMesures concr\u00e8tes<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n\n\n| Protection l\u00e9gale<\/b><\/span><\/td>\n | Inscription \u00e0 l’Annexe I de la CITES<\/b>, interdisant totalement son commerce international.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n| Aires prot\u00e9g\u00e9es<\/b><\/span><\/td>\n | Renforcement des r\u00e9serves cl\u00e9s comme le marais de Mabamba<\/b> (Ouganda) ou le parc national de Bangweulu<\/b> (Zambie).<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n| Gardiennage local<\/b><\/span><\/td>\n | Emploi de p\u00eacheurs et villageois locaux comme \u00ab gardiens des nids \u00bb<\/b> r\u00e9mun\u00e9r\u00e9s pour prot\u00e9ger les sites de ponte contre le braconnage.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n| \u00c9cotourisme responsable<\/b><\/span><\/td>\n | D\u00e9veloppement d’excursions encadr\u00e9es en pirogue : les retomb\u00e9es financi\u00e8res incitent les communaut\u00e9s locales \u00e0 pr\u00e9server les marais.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" \u00a0le Balaeniceps rex, plus commun\u00e9ment appel\u00e9 le Bec-en-sabot du Nil (Shoebill en anglais). Voici ce…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3619,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2},"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[11743,11744,1127],"tags":[11745,825,11747,11746,632,1810,11748,11750,11749,4357,1811,4211,1812,1813,11751,11752,11671,11753,11639,11640,1814,11754,11755,1815,11756,11757,1816,1106,1817,11641,11758,11759,11642,1819,11760,1820,11761,11762,11763,11764,1822,11766,11765,394,421,11767,1823,1824,1825,4384,11768,11769,11770,11771,11772,11673,11774,11773,11777,11775,11776,11778,1826,11779,11780,1828,11782,11781,11783,11667,11668,1831,11784,11669,11659,11785,4204,1832,11643,11786,11788,11787,11789,11644,1834,11791,11790,11792,1835,1836,11794,11793,1837,6033,1838,11796,11795,1839,11645,1840,11797,11798,11799,11800,11801,11802,11803,11805,11804,11806,11807,11808,11809,1841,11810,1842,11811,11812,11814,11813,1818,37,1833,11815,1844,1845,1846,11670,4210,1848,1849,1850,11817,11818,11816,11819,11646,11820,11821,1851,454,34,943,11823,11822,4214,11647,11824,11825,11826,11672,824,1852,1853,1854,11827,11828,11648,11829,11664,11662,11830,6052,11831,11832,11833,11834,11835,11836,11838,11837,11839,11840,11841,6707,11842,11843,11844,11845,11848,11846,11847,11849,633,11850,1860,1861,11851,11852,1862,11853,11854,11855,11666,474,1863,1864,11653,11856,1866,1867,11857,11858,1868,453,4208,1869,1870,1871,1872,4213,1873,4205,1874,1875,11649,11650,1876,11651,11859,1878,1879,11663,1880,1881,11860,1882,11861,11862,11863,11864,4376,11865,11665,11660,11661,11866,11867,11868,11869,11870,1883,11871,11872,11873,11874,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,11652,11875,1889,11876],"class_list":["post-3618","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-animaux","category-balaeniceps-rex","category-nettoyeur-de-lextreme","tag-aigle-royal","tag-aix-en-provence","tag-albatros-a-sourcils-noirs","tag-albatros-hurleur","tag-allauch","tag-alleins","tag-alouette-des-champs","tag-ara-hyacinthe","tag-ara-rouge","tag-arles","tag-aubagne","tag-aureille","tag-auriol","tag-aurons","tag-autruche-dafrique","tag-avocette-elegante","tag-babylone","tag-balbuzard-pecheur","tag-barbentane","tag-batelandiers","tag-beaurecueil","tag-becasse-des-bois","tag-becassine-des-marais","tag-belcodene","tag-bengali-rouge","tag-bergeronnette-grise","tag-berre-letang","tag-bible","tag-bouc-bel-air","tag-boulbon","tag-bouvreuil-pivoine","tag-buse-variable","tag-cabannes","tag-cabries","tag-cacatoes-a-huppe-jaune","tag-cadolive","tag-canard-colvert","tag-canard-mandarin","tag-capucin-damier","tag-cardinal-rouge","tag-carry-le-rouet","tag-cassenoix-mouchete","tag-cassican-fluteur","tag-cassis","tag-ceyreste","tag-chardonneret-elegant","tag-charleval","tag-chateauneuf-le-rouge","tag-chateauneuf-les-martigues","tag-chateaurenard","tag-chouette-effraie","tag-chouette-hulotte","tag-cigogne-blanche","tag-cigogne-noire","tag-circaete-jean-le-blanc","tag-comparatisme-religieux","tag-condor-de-californie","tag-condor-des-andes","tag-corbeau-freux","tag-cordon-bleu-a-joues-rouges","tag-cormoran-huppe","tag-corneille-noire","tag-cornillon-confoux","tag-coucou-gris","tag-courlis-cendre","tag-cuges-les-pins","tag-cygne-noir","tag-cygne-tubercule","tag-dindon-sauvage","tag-doctrine","tag-dogme","tag-ensues-la-redonne","tag-epervier-deurope","tag-epopee-de-gilgamesh","tag-eschatologie","tag-etourneau-sansonnet","tag-eygalieres","tag-eyguieres","tag-eyragues","tag-faisan-de-colchide","tag-faucon-crecerelle","tag-faucon-pelerin","tag-flamant-rose","tag-fontvieille","tag-fos-sur-mer","tag-fou-de-bassan","tag-fpucette-charbonniere","tag-fregate-superbe","tag-fuveau","tag-gardanne","tag-geai-des-chenes","tag-gelinotte-des-bois","tag-gemenos","tag-genese","tag-gignac-la-nerthe","tag-grand-tetras","tag-grand-duc-deurope","tag-grans","tag-graveson","tag-greasque","tag-grebe-huppe","tag-grue-cendree","tag-grue-couronnee","tag-guepier-deurope","tag-gypaete-barbu","tag-harfang-des-neiges","tag-harpie-feroce","tag-heron-cendre","tag-herondelle-rustique","tag-hibou-moyen-duc","tag-hoazin-huppe","tag-huppe-fasciee","tag-ibis-rouge","tag-istres","tag-jabiru-damerique","tag-jouques","tag-kakapo","tag-kakariki","tag-kiwi-austral","tag-kookaburra","tag-la-bouilladisse","tag-la-ciotat","tag-la-fare-les-oliviers","tag-lagopede-des-alpes","tag-lamanon","tag-lambesc","tag-lancon-provence","tag-le-deluge","tag-le-puy-sainte-reparate","tag-le-rove","tag-le-tholonet","tag-les-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