{"id":3454,"date":"2026-09-25T07:46:45","date_gmt":"2026-09-25T06:46:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.laurensoff.com\/wordpress\/?p=3454"},"modified":"2026-09-25T20:56:01","modified_gmt":"2026-09-25T19:56:01","slug":"qui-etaient-les-harkis-et-la-reconnaissance-de-la-france-25-septembre-2001-par-jacques-chirac","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.laurensoff.com\/wordpress\/qui-etaient-les-harkis-et-la-reconnaissance-de-la-france-25-septembre-2001-par-jacques-chirac\/","title":{"rendered":"Qui \u00e9taient les Harkis ? et La reconnaissance de la France 25 Septembre 2001 par Jacques Chirac"},"content":{"rendered":"<p data-path-to-node=\"3\">Au sens strict, le mot <i data-path-to-node=\"3\" data-index-in-node=\"23\">harki<\/i> vient de l\u2019arabe <i data-path-to-node=\"3\" data-index-in-node=\"46\">harka<\/i> (mouvement) et d\u00e9signait les auxiliaires alg\u00e9riens musulmans engag\u00e9s aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s de l\u2019arm\u00e9e fran\u00e7aise. Plus largement, le terme a fini par d\u00e9signer l\u2019ensemble des Fran\u00e7ais musulmans ayant servi ou soutenu la France durant le conflit (harkis, moghaznis, tirailleurs, \u00e9lus locaux).<\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Saint-Cyr-sur-Mer \/ Journ\u00e9e patriotique nationale d'hommage national aux harkis morts pour la France\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/keoZv3hvIQ0\" width=\"640\" height=\"320\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"4\">Ces hommes s\u2019\u00e9taient engag\u00e9s pour des raisons diverses : fid\u00e9lit\u00e9 \u00e0 la France, conviction politique, d\u00e9fense du village contre les exactions du FLN, besoin \u00e9conomique ou protection de la famille.<\/p>\n<div class=\"attachment-container unknown\">\n<div class=\"timeline-container\" data-hveid=\"0\" data-ved=\"0CAAQ8uoSahcKEwiaqomUydyWAxUAAAAAHQAAAAAQdg\">\n<div class=\"timeline-event ng-star-inserted\">\n<div class=\"timeline-content\">\n<div class=\"timeline-title gds-emphasized-body-l ng-star-inserted\">Mars 1962 : Les accords d\u2019\u00c9vian et le d\u00e9sarmement<\/div>\n<div class=\"timeline-time-label gds-extended-caption ng-star-inserted\">18 mars 1962<\/div>\n<div class=\"timeline-description gds-body-l ng-star-inserted\">\n<p class=\"ng-star-inserted\">Les accords d\u2019\u00c9vian pr\u00e9voient un cessez-le-feu et l\u2019amnistie pour les actes commis durant la guerre. L\u2019arm\u00e9e fran\u00e7aise commence \u00e0 d\u00e9sarmer et \u00e0 d\u00e9mobiliser les suppl\u00e9tifs harkis, les laissant sur place sans protection r\u00e9elle, malgr\u00e9 le risque manifeste de repr\u00e9sailles.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"timeline-event ng-star-inserted\">\n<div class=\"timeline-content\">\n<div class=\"timeline-title gds-emphasized-body-l ng-star-inserted\">\u00c9t\u00e9 1962 : Repr\u00e9sailles et massacres en Alg\u00e9rie<\/div>\n<div class=\"timeline-time-label gds-extended-caption ng-star-inserted\">Avril\u2013\u00c9t\u00e9 1962<\/div>\n<div class=\"timeline-description gds-body-l ng-star-inserted\">\n<p class=\"ng-star-inserted\">D\u00e8s les semaines pr\u00e9c\u00e9dant l\u2019ind\u00e9pendance (proclam\u00e9e le 5 juillet), une vague de vengeances s\u2019abat sur les harkis et leurs familles. Consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme des tra\u00eetres par le FLN et la nouvelle population au pouvoir, des dizaines de milliers d\u2019entre eux sont arr\u00eat\u00e9s, tortur\u00e9s ou ex\u00e9cut\u00e9s. Le bilan exact reste d\u00e9battu, mais les historiens estiment le nombre de victimes entre <b>30 000 et 80 000 morts<\/b>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"timeline-event ng-star-inserted\">\n<div class=\"timeline-content\">\n<div class=\"timeline-title gds-emphasized-body-l ng-star-inserted\">1962 : L\u2019abandon officiel et le sauvetage clandestin<\/div>\n<div class=\"timeline-time-label gds-extended-caption ng-star-inserted\">Mai\u2013Automne 1962<\/div>\n<div class=\"timeline-description gds-body-l ng-star-inserted\">\n<p class=\"ng-star-inserted\">En m\u00e9tropole, le gouvernement fran\u00e7ais redoute une arriv\u00e9e massive d\u2019Alg\u00e9riens musulmans et tente de freiner le rapatriement des harkis. Malgr\u00e9 les directives officielles ordonnant de bloquer les transferts, certains officiers fran\u00e7ais (comme le lieutenant-colonel de Boissieu ou le capitaine Coignet) d\u00e9sob\u00e9issent et organisent des fili\u00e8res clandestines pour embarquer leurs hommes et leurs familles vers la France.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"timeline-event ng-star-inserted\">\n<div class=\"timeline-content\">\n<div class=\"timeline-title gds-emphasized-body-l ng-star-inserted\">Apr\u00e8s 1962 : Rel\u00e9gation dans les camps de m\u00e9tropole<\/div>\n<div class=\"timeline-time-label gds-extended-caption ng-star-inserted\">1962\u20131970s<\/div>\n<div class=\"timeline-description gds-body-l ng-star-inserted\">\n<p class=\"ng-star-inserted\">Environ <b>90 000 \u00e0 100 000 Harkis et leurs proches<\/b> parviennent \u00e0 rejoindre la France. \u00c0 leur arriv\u00e9e, ils ne sont pas int\u00e9gr\u00e9s mais rel\u00e9gu\u00e9s dans des camps d\u2019accueil de transit et de reclassement tr\u00e8s pr\u00e9caires (Rivesaltes, Bias, Saint-Maurice-l\u2019Ardoise) ou dans des hameaux de forestage, isol\u00e9s du reste de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 pendant parfois plus d\u2019une d\u00e9cennie.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h3 data-path-to-node=\"8\">La reconnaissance tardive de la France<\/h3>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"9\">Pendant plusieurs d\u00e9cennies, le drame des Harkis est rest\u00e9 un sujet m\u00e9connu ou occult\u00e9. Il a fallu attendre le d\u00e9but des ann\u00e9es 2000 pour que l\u2019\u00c9tat fran\u00e7ais commence \u00e0 reconna\u00eetre sa responsabilit\u00e9 :<\/p>\n<ul data-path-to-node=\"10\">\n<li>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"10,0,0\"><b data-path-to-node=\"10,0,0\" data-index-in-node=\"0\">2001 :<\/b> Instauration de la premi\u00e8re Journ\u00e9e nationale d\u2019hommage aux Harkis (25 septembre).<\/p>\n<div class=\"n6owBd awi2gc\" data-sfc-cp=\"\" data-sfc-root=\"ep\" data-hveid=\"CAIIAAgACAoQAA\" data-complete=\"true\" data-copy-service-computed-style=\"font-family: Google Sans, Arial, sans-serif, Noto Color Emoji; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 400; margin: 0px 0px 16px; text-decoration: none; border-bottom: 0px rgb(230, 232, 240);\"><span data-subtree=\"aimfl,mfl\" data-copy-service-computed-style=\"font-family: Google Sans, Arial, sans-serif, Noto Color Emoji; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 400; margin: 0px; text-decoration: none; border-bottom: 0px rgb(230, 232, 240);\">En 2001, le pr\u00e9sident de la R\u00e9publique fran\u00e7aise \u00e9tait <\/span><span data-copy-service-computed-style=\"font-family: Google Sans, Arial, sans-serif, Noto Color Emoji; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 400; margin: 0px; text-decoration: none; border-bottom: 0px rgb(230, 232, 240);\"><span class=\"\" data-sfc-cp=\"\" data-sfc-root=\"ep\" data-complete=\"true\" data-copy-service-computed-style=\"font-family: Google Sans, Arial, sans-serif, Noto Color Emoji; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 400; margin: 0px; text-decoration: none; border-bottom: 0px rgb(230, 232, 240);\"><strong>Jacques Chirac<\/strong><!--TgQPHd|||[[&quot;https:\/\/www.elysee.fr\/jacques-chirac&quot;,null,null,[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[{&quot;1218&quot;:[0]}]],null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[[1790319235039210,146538316,2754013122],null,null,null,null,[[2,0,0,11]]],null,&quot;bb1b2ce4-af00-425d-9421-f723f8e6c8eb&quot;]]--><\/span><\/span>.<\/div>\n<div class=\"yhAwj\" data-sfc-cp=\"\" data-sfc-root=\"ep\" data-complete=\"true\" data-sfc-inited=\"2\" data-copy-service-computed-style=\"font-family: Google Sans, Arial, sans-serif, Noto Color Emoji; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 400; margin: 0px; text-decoration: none; border-bottom: 0px rgb(230, 232, 240);\"><!--TgQPHd|||[]--><\/div>\n<div class=\"\" data-bfc=\"\" data-sfc-cp=\"\" data-sfc-root=\"ep\" data-ved=\"2ahUKEwjq_6fwkomXAxVM_7sIHcLnJqQQi4wTegoIAggACAAIFBAB\" data-hveid=\"CAIIAAgACBQQAQ\" data-complete=\"true\" data-copy-service-computed-style=\"font-family: Google Sans, Arial, sans-serif, Noto Color Emoji; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 400; margin: 0px; text-decoration: none; border-bottom: 0px rgb(230, 232, 240);\">\n<ul>\n<li class=\"Z1qcYe\" data-sfc-cp=\"\" data-sfc-root=\"ep\" data-hveid=\"CAIIAAgACBQQAg\" data-complete=\"true\" data-copy-service-computed-style=\"font-family: Google Sans, Arial, sans-serif, Noto Color Emoji; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 400; margin: 0px 0px 12px; text-decoration: none; border-bottom: 0px rgb(230, 232, 240);\"><span class=\"iNqyIf\" data-sfc-cp=\"\" data-sfc-root=\"ep\" data-complete=\"true\" data-copy-service-computed-style=\"font-family: Google Sans, Arial, sans-serif, Noto Color Emoji; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 400; margin: 0px; text-decoration: none; border-bottom: 0px rgb(230, 232, 240);\"><strong class=\"rQesXe MPyX\" data-sfc-cp=\"\" data-sfc-root=\"ep\" data-complete=\"true\" data-copy-service-computed-style=\"font-family: Google Sans, Arial, sans-serif, Noto Color Emoji; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; text-decoration: none; border-bottom: 0px rgb(230, 232, 240);\">Mandat :<!--TgQPHd|||[]--><\/strong> Il a exerc\u00e9 ses fonctions du 17 mai 1995 au 16 mai 2007<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-3459\" src=\"https:\/\/www.laurensoff.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Capture-decran-2026-09-25-085524.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"255\" height=\"213\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.laurensoff.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Capture-decran-2026-09-25-085524.png 568w, https:\/\/www.laurensoff.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Capture-decran-2026-09-25-085524-300x250.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 255px) 100vw, 255px\" \/><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"10,1,0\"><b data-path-to-node=\"10,1,0\" data-index-in-node=\"0\">2016 :<\/b> Le pr\u00e9sident Fran\u00e7ois Hollande reconna\u00eet officiellement la responsabilit\u00e9 des gouvernements fran\u00e7ais dans l\u2019abandon des Harkis.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"10,2,0\"><b data-path-to-node=\"10,2,0\" data-index-in-node=\"0\">2021-2022 :<\/b> Le pr\u00e9sident Emmanuel Macron demande pardon au nom de la France et une loi portant reconnaissance de la Nation et r\u00e9paration envers les Harkis et leurs familles est promulgu\u00e9e en f\u00e9vrier 2022.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"0\">L&#8217;\u00e9volution du cadre l\u00e9gislatif fran\u00e7ais concernant les Harkis est pass\u00e9e progressivement d&#8217;une simple assistance sociale d&#8217;urgence \u00e0 une reconnaissance m\u00e9morielle officielle de la responsabilit\u00e9 de l&#8217;\u00c9tat, assortie d&#8217;un r\u00e9gime d&#8217;indemnisation.<\/p>\n<div class=\"attachment-container search-images\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"attachment-container unknown\">\n<div class=\"timeline-container\" data-hveid=\"0\" data-ved=\"0CAAQ8uoSahgKEwips8uSiomXAxUAAAAAHQAAAAAQ9gE\">\n<div class=\"timeline-event ng-star-inserted\">\n<div class=\"timeline-marker-container\">\n<div class=\"timeline-marker\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"timeline-line ng-star-inserted\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"timeline-content\">\n<div class=\"timeline-title gds-emphasized-body-l ng-star-inserted\">Aides d&#8217;urgence et r\u00e9insertion sociale<\/div>\n<div class=\"timeline-time-label gds-extended-caption ng-star-inserted\">1970 &#8211; 1987<\/div>\n<div class=\"timeline-description gds-body-l ng-star-inserted\">\n<p class=\"ng-star-inserted\">Les premi\u00e8res mesures (lois de 1970, 1975 et loi Romani de 1987) se concentrent sur l&#8217;int\u00e9gration \u00e9conomique : allocations de r\u00e9installation, aides au logement, acc\u00e8s prioritaire \u00e0 l&#8217;emploi public et mesures de soutien pour les enfants de suppl\u00e9tifs.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"timeline-event ng-star-inserted\">\n<div class=\"timeline-marker-container\">\n<div class=\"timeline-marker\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"timeline-line ng-star-inserted\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"timeline-content\">\n<div class=\"timeline-title gds-emphasized-body-l ng-star-inserted\">Loi M\u00e9kach\u00e9ra : premi\u00e8re reconnaissance officielle<\/div>\n<div class=\"timeline-time-label gds-extended-caption ng-star-inserted\">1994<\/div>\n<div class=\"timeline-description gds-body-l ng-star-inserted\">\n<p class=\"ng-star-inserted\">La loi du 11 juin 1994 reconna\u00eet formellement la \u00ab gratitude de la Nation \u00bb envers les anciens membres des formations suppl\u00e9tives. Elle instaure une allocation de reconnaissance et fixe des dispositifs d&#8217;aide sociale renforc\u00e9s.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"timeline-event ng-star-inserted\">\n<div class=\"timeline-marker-container\">\n<div class=\"timeline-marker\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"timeline-line ng-star-inserted\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"timeline-content\">\n<div class=\"timeline-title gds-emphasized-body-l ng-star-inserted\">Loi du 23 f\u00e9vrier 2005 et journ\u00e9e nationale<\/div>\n<div class=\"timeline-time-label gds-extended-caption ng-star-inserted\">2005<\/div>\n<div class=\"timeline-description gds-body-l ng-star-inserted\">\n<p class=\"ng-star-inserted\">Cette loi r\u00e9affirme l&#8217;hommage rendu aux Harkis et revalorise l&#8217;allocation de reconnaissance. Elle concr\u00e9tise \u00e9galement l&#8217;instauration d&#8217;une journ\u00e9e nationale d&#8217;hommage (fix\u00e9e au 25 septembre par d\u00e9cret).<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"timeline-event ng-star-inserted\">\n<div class=\"timeline-content\">\n<h2 class=\"timeline-title gds-emphasized-body-l ng-star-inserted\">Loi portant reconnaissance de la Nation et r\u00e9paration<\/h2>\n<h2 class=\"timeline-time-label gds-extended-caption ng-star-inserted\">2022<\/h2>\n<div class=\"timeline-description gds-body-l ng-star-inserted\">\n<p class=\"ng-star-inserted\">Promulgu\u00e9e le 23 f\u00e9vrier 2022, cette loi marque un tournant historique. L&#8217;\u00c9tat demande officiellement pardon pour l&#8217;abandon des Harkis et pour leurs conditions d&#8217;accueil indignes dans les camps (Rivesaltes, Bias, etc.) et hameaux de forestage. Elle cr\u00e9e une <b>Commission nationale d&#8217;indemnisation (CNIH)<\/b> charg\u00e9e d&#8217;attribuer une r\u00e9paration financi\u00e8re aux personnes ayant s\u00e9journ\u00e9 dans ces structures entre 1962 et 1975.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h3 data-path-to-node=\"5\">Ce que couvre la r\u00e9paration actuelle<\/h3>\n<ul data-path-to-node=\"6\">\n<li>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"6,0,0\"><b data-path-to-node=\"6,0,0\" data-index-in-node=\"0\">Pardon institutionnel :<\/b> Inscription de la responsabilit\u00e9 de l&#8217;\u00c9tat dans la loi.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"6,1,0\"><b data-path-to-node=\"6,1,0\" data-index-in-node=\"0\">Indemnisation financi\u00e8re :<\/b> Allocation forfaitaire calcul\u00e9e selon la dur\u00e9e de s\u00e9jour dans les camps d&#8217;accueil et hameaux de forestage enregistr\u00e9s.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"6,2,0\"><b data-path-to-node=\"6,2,0\" data-index-in-node=\"0\">Recours et instances :<\/b> Traitement des dossiers par la CNIH pour les anciens suppl\u00e9tifs et leurs enfants ayant v\u00e9cu dans ces lieux d&#8217;enfermement ou d&#8217;isolement.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Au sens strict, le mot harki vient de l\u2019arabe harka (mouvement) et d\u00e9signait les auxiliaires&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3455,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2},"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[643,864,8998],"tags":[9005,9004,9021,9022,9002,9012,9011,9006,9010,9014,9017,9003,9020,9000,9009,8999,9019,9018,6209,9016,9007,9013,9008,9015,9001,7627],"class_list":["post-3454","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-agenda","category-commemoration","category-harkis","tag-accords-devian","tag-aln","tag-anciens-combattants","tag-archives-historiques","tag-armee-francaise","tag-camp-de-bias","tag-camp-de-rivesaltes","tag-cessez-le-feu","tag-cites-de-transit","tag-devoir-de-memoire","tag-enfants-de-harkis","tag-fln","tag-france-algerie","tag-guerre-dalgerie","tag-hameaux-de-forestage","tag-harkis","tag-histoire-coloniale","tag-integration","tag-jacques-chirac","tag-loi-de-reparation","tag-massacres-de-1962","tag-memoire-historique","tag-rapatriement","tag-reconnaissance-nationale","tag-suppleatifs","tag-temoignages"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/www.laurensoff.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/licensed-image-1-1-e1790318738116.jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.laurensoff.com\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3454","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.laurensoff.com\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.laurensoff.com\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.laurensoff.com\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.laurensoff.com\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3454"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/www.laurensoff.com\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3454\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3469,"href":"https:\/\/www.laurensoff.com\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3454\/revisions\/3469"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.laurensoff.com\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3455"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.laurensoff.com\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3454"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.laurensoff.com\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3454"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.laurensoff.com\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3454"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}