La rectocolite h\u00e9morragique (RCH)<\/b> est une maladie inflammatoire chronique de l’intestin (MICI) qui touche sp\u00e9cifiquement le rectum et, dans une mesure variable, le reste du c\u00f4lon (gros intestin).<\/p>\n
Elle se caract\u00e9rise par une inflammation continue de la muqueuse de la paroi intestinale, responsable de petites l\u00e9sions et d’ulc\u00e9rations sanguinolentes.<\/p>\n
Atteinte continue :<\/b> L’inflammation d\u00e9bute toujours au niveau du rectum<\/b> et remonte de fa\u00e7on continue vers le reste du c\u00f4lon sans zones de muqueuse saine au milieu.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n Limitation au c\u00f4lon :<\/b> Contrairement \u00e0 la maladie de Crohn qui peut toucher l’ensemble du tube digestif (de la bouche \u00e0 l’anus), la RCH se limite exclusivement au c\u00f4lon et au rectum.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n Muqueuse superficielle :<\/b> L’inflammation affecte la couche la plus interne du c\u00f4lon (la muqueuse), entra\u00eenant des \u00e9rosions et des saignements.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n La maladie \u00e9volue par pouss\u00e9es inflammatoires<\/b> altern\u00e9es avec des p\u00e9riodes de r\u00e9mission :<\/p>\n Rectorragies :<\/b> Pr\u00e9sence de sang rouge dans les selles (sympt\u00f4me le plus fr\u00e9quent).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n Diarrh\u00e9es chroniques :<\/b> Fr\u00e9quemment accompagn\u00e9es de glaires ou de sang.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n T\u00e9nesme et \u00e9preintes :<\/b> Envies pressantes, douloureuses et r\u00e9p\u00e9t\u00e9es d’aller \u00e0 la selle, parfois inefficaces.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n Douleurs abdominales :<\/b> Crampes au bas du ventre.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n Signes g\u00e9n\u00e9raux :<\/b> Fatigue intense, fi\u00e8vre lors des pouss\u00e9es s\u00e9v\u00e8res, perte de poids ou an\u00e9mie due aux pertes de sang.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n Bien que la cause exacte demeure inconnue, la RCH est consid\u00e9r\u00e9e comme une maladie auto-immune<\/b> multifactorielle :<\/p>\n D\u00e9r\u00e8glement immunitaire :<\/b> Le syst\u00e8me immunitaire s’attaque anormalement \u00e0 la flore intestinale ou aux cellules de la muqueuse.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n Facteurs g\u00e9n\u00e9tiques :<\/b> Une pr\u00e9disposition familiale existe chez une minorit\u00e9 de patients.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n Facteurs environnementaux :<\/b> Des perturbations du microbiote intestinal, le stress ou l’alimentation jouent un r\u00f4le d\u00e9clencheur ou aggravant.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n La RCH ne se gu\u00e9rit pas d\u00e9finitivement, mais les traitements permettent de contr\u00f4ler l’inflammation, de maintenir des p\u00e9riodes de r\u00e9mission prolong\u00e9es et d’\u00e9viter les complications \u00e0 long terme.<\/p>\n Traitements m\u00e9dicamenteux :<\/b><\/p>\n Pouss\u00e9es l\u00e9g\u00e8res \u00e0 mod\u00e9r\u00e9es :<\/i> D\u00e9riv\u00e9s aminosalicyl\u00e9s (5-ASA) sous forme orale ou locale (suppositoires, lavements).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n Pouss\u00e9es s\u00e9v\u00e8res :<\/i> Cortico\u00efdes \u00e0 court terme pour calmer l’inflammation rapide.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n Traitement de fond :<\/i> Immunomodulateurs et bioth\u00e9rapies (anti-TNF, anti-int\u00e9grines) pour r\u00e9guler le syst\u00e8me immunitaire sur le long terme.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n Chirurgie (Colectomie) :<\/b> En cas d’\u00e9chec des traitements m\u00e9dicaux ou de complications graves, le retrait chirurgical du c\u00f4lon et du rectum peut \u00eatre pratiqu\u00e9.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" La rectocolite h\u00e9morragique (RCH) est une maladie inflammatoire chronique de l’intestin (MICI) qui touche 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Sympt\u00f4mes principaux<\/h3>\n
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3. Causes et facteurs de risque<\/h3>\n
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4. Prise en charge et traitements<\/h3>\n
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