{"id":2499,"date":"2026-08-14T16:34:39","date_gmt":"2026-08-14T15:34:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.laurensoff.com\/wordpress\/?p=2499"},"modified":"2026-08-14T16:34:39","modified_gmt":"2026-08-14T15:34:39","slug":"la-plus-ancienne-trace-de-geometrie-appliquee-ce-que-revele-la-tablette-si-427-de-la-periode-paleo-babylonienne","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.laurensoff.com\/wordpress\/la-plus-ancienne-trace-de-geometrie-appliquee-ce-que-revele-la-tablette-si-427-de-la-periode-paleo-babylonienne\/","title":{"rendered":"La plus ancienne trace de g\u00e9om\u00e9trie appliqu\u00e9e Ce que r\u00e9v\u00e8le la tablette Si.427 de la p\u00e9riode pal\u00e9o-babylonienne"},"content":{"rendered":"<p data-path-to-node=\"0\">La tablette d&rsquo;argile <b data-path-to-node=\"0\" data-index-in-node=\"21\">Si.427<\/b> est une d\u00e9couverte majeure pour l&rsquo;histoire des math\u00e9matiques. D\u00e9couverte \u00e0 la fin du XIX\u1d49 si\u00e8cle dans le centre de l&rsquo;actuel Irak (sur le site de l&rsquo;ancienne cit\u00e9 de Sippar), elle date de la p\u00e9riode pal\u00e9o-babylonienne (entre <b data-path-to-node=\"0\" data-index-in-node=\"251\">1900 et 1600 av. J.-C.<\/b>), soit plus de 1 000 ans avant la naissance de Pythagore.<\/p>\n<h2 data-path-to-node=\"3\">Ce que r\u00e9v\u00e8le la tablette Si.427<\/h2>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"4\">Pendant plus d&rsquo;un si\u00e8cle, la tablette est rest\u00e9e stock\u00e9e au Mus\u00e9e arch\u00e9ologique d&rsquo;Istanbul sans que sa port\u00e9e exacte ne soit mesur\u00e9e. C&rsquo;est en <b data-path-to-node=\"4\" data-index-in-node=\"143\">2021<\/b> que le math\u00e9maticien australien <b data-path-to-node=\"4\" data-index-in-node=\"180\">Dr. Daniel Mansfield<\/b> (Universit\u00e9 de Nouvelle-Galles du Sud) a perc\u00e9 son secret :<\/p>\n<h3 data-path-to-node=\"5\">1. La plus ancienne trace de g\u00e9om\u00e9trie appliqu\u00e9e<\/h3>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"6\">Si.427 est consid\u00e9r\u00e9e comme le plus ancien exemple connu de <b data-path-to-node=\"6\" data-index-in-node=\"60\">g\u00e9om\u00e9trie appliqu\u00e9e<\/b> dans l&rsquo;histoire humaine. Il s&rsquo;agit d&rsquo;un document cadastral r\u00e9dig\u00e9 par un arpenteur babylonien pour d\u00e9finir les limites pr\u00e9cises d&rsquo;un terrain agricole morcel\u00e9 suite \u00e0 une vente (comprenant des palmeraies et des zones mar\u00e9cageuses).<\/p>\n<h3 data-path-to-node=\"7\">2. L&rsquo;usage des triplets pythagoriciens<\/h3>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"8\">Pour tracer des angles droits impeccables sur le terrain et garantir des fronti\u00e8res perpendiculaires, l&rsquo;arpenteur n&rsquo;a pas utilis\u00e9 le th\u00e9or\u00e8me de mani\u00e8re th\u00e9orique, mais a appliqu\u00e9 des <b data-path-to-node=\"8\" data-index-in-node=\"184\">triplets pythagoriciens<\/b> \u2014 des ensembles de trois nombres entiers <span class=\"math-inline\" data-math=\"(a, b, c)\" data-index-in-node=\"249\">$(a, b, c)$<\/span> v\u00e9rifiant la relation :<\/p>\n<div data-path-to-node=\"9\">\n<div class=\"math-block\" data-math=\"a^2 + b^2 = c^2\">$$a^2 + b^2 = c^2$$<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"10\">Sur la tablette, on retrouve des combinaisons g\u00e9om\u00e9triques fond\u00e9es sur des triangles rectangles remarquables, notamment <span class=\"math-inline\" data-math=\"(3, 4, 5)\" data-index-in-node=\"120\">$(3, 4, 5)$<\/span>, <span class=\"math-inline\" data-math=\"(5, 12, 13)\" data-index-in-node=\"131\">$(5, 12, 13)$<\/span> et <span class=\"math-inline\" data-math=\"(8, 15, 17)\" data-index-in-node=\"146\">$(8, 15, 17)$<\/span>.<\/p>\n<h3 data-path-to-node=\"11\">3. Une approche pratique plut\u00f4t que th\u00e9orique<\/h3>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"12\">Contrairement aux Grecs qui formaliseront les d\u00e9monstrations axiomatiques un mill\u00e9naire plus tard, les Babyloniens avaient une approche purement <b data-path-to-node=\"12\" data-index-in-node=\"145\">pragmatique<\/b> : ils utilisaient ces propri\u00e9t\u00e9s math\u00e9matiques pour r\u00e9soudre des probl\u00e8mes concrets du quotidien (administration, cadastre, partage de terres et construction).<\/p>\n<h2 data-path-to-node=\"14\">En r\u00e9sum\u00e9<\/h2>\n<blockquote data-path-to-node=\"15\">\n<p data-path-to-node=\"15,0\"><b data-path-to-node=\"15,0\" data-index-in-node=\"0\">Pourquoi elle change la donne :<\/b> La tablette Si.427 prouve que la compr\u00e9hension des propri\u00e9t\u00e9s g\u00e9om\u00e9triques du triangle rectangle existait d\u00e9j\u00e0 au II\u1d49 mill\u00e9naire avant notre \u00e8re, balayant l&rsquo;id\u00e9e que le concept d&rsquo;orthogonalit\u00e9 g\u00e9om\u00e9trique mesur\u00e9e \u00e9tait une invention purement grecque.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>La tablette d&rsquo;argile Si.427 est une d\u00e9couverte majeure pour l&rsquo;histoire des math\u00e9matiques. D\u00e9couverte \u00e0 la&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2500,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2},"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[1232,1231],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2499","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-archeologie","category-av-jesus-christ"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/www.laurensoff.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/images-4.jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.laurensoff.com\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2499","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.laurensoff.com\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.laurensoff.com\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.laurensoff.com\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.laurensoff.com\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2499"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.laurensoff.com\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2499\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2501,"href":"https:\/\/www.laurensoff.com\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2499\/revisions\/2501"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.laurensoff.com\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2500"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.laurensoff.com\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2499"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.laurensoff.com\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2499"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.laurensoff.com\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2499"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}